Interesting Facts about French language and grammar
Anticonstitutionnellement (25 letters) is no more the longest word in French language.
Now it is Intergouvernementalisation which consists of 26 letters.
Few interesting long words in French :
Aminométhylpyrimidinylhydroxyéthylméthythiazolium
(Vitamine B2)
Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie
(Phobia of long words)
Apopathodiaphulatophobie
(Phobia of constipation)
Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobie
(Phobia of number 666)
Déconstitutionnaliseraient (26 letters) is the most difficult word in French
Conditional tense 3rd person plural
The verb « Être » is the most used word in French language
French is the official language in 29 countries
There are no french words that contains the letter “W”
Letter “e” is the most used letter in French
Many French words are used in English (rendez-vous, café, à la carte)
The words « amour,délice,orgue » are masculine in singular form and feminine in plural form.
La Disparition is a novel written by Georges Perec in 1968. Its originality is that it does not include the letter "e" in all 300 pages.
Twenty (vingt) and hundred (cent) will have “s” in plural when preceded by a number that multiplies them and not when followed by another numeral adjective: " quatre-vingts livres et quatre-vingt-deux cahiers ", "J’ai acheté trois cents portables". But we write: "Il a dépensé quatre cents millions d’euros", since thousands, millions and billions are not numeral adjectives but nouns.
The adverb « presque » will not lose its final “e” when it precedes a vowel:
« elle y est presque arrivée »
Exception : Presqu’île
Past participle of reflexive verbs
Elles se sont lavé / lavés / lavées les mains.
Answer : Elles se sont lavé les mains.
In this case the past participle will be invariable since « se » is linked to COI.
Example : Elles se sont appelées. → « appeler whom ? » : each other. In this case « se » linked to COD, so it is variable.
But when the pronoun se/te/me is linked to COI, the past participle would be invariable.
Example : Les familles se sont succédé. → « succéder à qui ? » : l’une à l’autre. Ici, se est comparable à un COI, donc on n’accorde pas.
Note : Verbs like « se succéder, se plaire, se téléphoner, se parler, et se ressembler » are always linked to the COI, hence the past participle is invariable.
Example : Elles se sont plu. → « Elles ont plu to whom ? » : to themselves.
But in some cases, « se” would be neither COD nor COI. In that case the past participle is variable according to the noun.
Example : Elles se sont souvenues. → « Elles se souvenues de quoi ? »
Plural of compound nouns
There are several interesting exceptions in the compound words
Example : un chou-fleur → des choux-fleurs
une grand-mère → des grands-mères
However the verbs, les pronouns and the adverbs would be invariable.
Example :
un aller-retour → des aller-retour
If the compound word is formed by two nouns separated by a preposition(et, en, à, etc.), only the first nouns takes the plural.
Example : une pomme de terre → des pommes de terre
If the compound word is composed by a verb and noun , the verb would be invariable and the noun would be either singular or plural.
Example : un porte-serviette → des porte-serviette(s)
un gratte-ciel → des gratte-ciel(s)
Exceptions :
-
If the first noun of the compound word is ending with a vowel «o» (anglo-, électro-, etc.), the first noun would be always invariable.
Example : un Anglo-Saxon → des Anglo-Saxons
The adverbs ending with “ment”
If the adjective ends with « ent », the adverb would end with « emment », and if the adjective ends with « ant », the adverb would end with « amment ».
Example : intelligent → intelligemment / récent → récemment
courant → couramment / abondant → abondamment
How to know if the adverb consists of one or two « m » ?
A simple technique : If you hear the sound [a] in front of « ment » , the adverb will have two « m » , otherwise it will have only one « m » .
Example : fréquemment (son a) → deux m
simplement (son e) → un m
You need to be careful with gentiment et brièvement that are exceptions.
Demi or demie ?
When « demi » is placed before a noun, it would be invariable.
Example : une demi-heure
If it is placed after the noun, « demi » could get the feminine form but never the plural form.
Example : cinq heures et demie / deux mois et demi
Adjectives of colour and compound adjectives
L’accord des adjectifs de couleur semble poser de sérieux problèmes à certains francophones.
Voici ce qu’il faut retenir : de manière générale, les adjectifs de couleur s’accordent en genre et en nombre.
Example : une table blanche → des tables blanches
But adjectives derived from a noun would be invariable.
Example : marron, orange, prune, argent, etc. (exception for the adjectives rose, violet et pourpre which will take an « s » in plural, even if they are derived from a noun).
Example :
Une chaise marron → des chaises marron
une bouteille orange → des bouteilles orange
Note : Compound adjectives of colour are invariables.
Example :
une chemise bleu-vert → des chemises bleu-vert
un tapis vert clair → des tapis vert clair
After the sound « é » french words usually have an « e » at the end.
Example : Journée, durée, tournée
But we have few exceptions :
Example : acné, clé, psyché
Most of the feminine nouns ending with the sound « i » will add an « e » at the end.
Example : comédie, mairie, prairie etc..
But we have few exceptions :
La souris, la nuit, la fourmi etc..
Words ending with « ée »
Few words ending with « ée » are usually feminine in gender but the below words are exceptions.
Example : un lycée, un apogée, un pygmée etc..
Pronunciation of « s » at the end of the word
For few French words we pronounce the « s » at the end of the word.
Example : autobus, cactus, virus, détritus, processus, tonus etc…
For few words we do not pronounce the « s » at the end.
Example : abus, talus, obus, refus, reclus, intrus etc…
Plural of words ending with « al »
The plural of adjectives ending with « al » will change into « aux »
Example :
But we have few exceptions :
Fatal, final, naval, banal, bancal, tonal
Ajectives ending with « gu »
When the adjective ends with –gu, the « e » in feminine will have a tréma :
- exigu, exiguë ;
- contigu, contiguë.
